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Appendix 6
SPECIMEN PROFILES FROM THE DATABASE OF PLANTS WITH
ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY
(Costus speciosus and Piper nigrum)
(Data gathered by Dr Sathyanarayana Bhat)
COSTUS SPECIOSUS (KOEN EX RETZ.) SM. COSTACEAE
(=Costus spiralis Rosc.)
Vernacular Names:
Ben.: Keu; Hin.: Kemua, Ketha; Mar.: Pewa; Sans.: Kemuka, Kembuka, Kebuka, Nadyarisha; Tel., Kan.: Chengala kottu; Tulu: Nari kkarmbu.
Habit:
Shrub upto 6 ft. Succulent stem. Flowers 3-4", calyx red, petals white.
Habitat:
Common in the western ghat forests.
Part used: Stem, leaf, rhizome.
Ethnopharmacology:
Leaf, stem juice dropped in to eye in acute conjunctivitis (South Kanara).
Ethnotherapeutics:
Oral : anthelmintic (CS Su 4.15); in obesity and allied disorders (CS Su 23.20); dysuria and urinary problems (CS Ci 26.57); skin disease (SS Ci 10.12); filariasis (rhizome juice with rock salt SS Ci 19.26); cholera (SS UT 54.25).
Food: Bhavamishra includes the rhizomes in edible group, which is bowel binder, cooling, light for digestion and heart tonic. It is wholesome in fever, skin disease, bronchitis, diabetes, purpura.
Leaf: edible, cooling, pot herb (CS Su 27.96, SS Su 46.262).
Botany:
Karyomorphological studies (Sarma, 1984; Kumari, 1988) and chromosomal studies (Chattopadhyaya, 1981); floral radial symmetry variations (Davis, 1978; Saxena, 1979; Gupta, 1979, 1980; Nagendra Prasad, 1981); phytopathology (Shukla, 1983; Sattar, 1979); leaf structure (Prabhakaran, 1983).
Phytochemistry:
Diosgenins (Lambert, 1988; Gupta, 1981a, b; Dixith, 1981; Janakiammal, 1984; Zam, 1980; Mandal, 1985; Mahat, 1980) and DNA content (Kundu, 1988). Benzoquinone of seeds (Mahmood, Konar J, Kushari DP. Effects of leaf leachate on sprouting of rhizomes of C. speciosus. 5th Int. Soc. Pharmacology:
1984, 1989). Hydrolysis of diosgenin and yield of palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoliec, and behenic acids (Nainan, 1979). Sterol synthesis (Akhila, 1987); steroidal content (Rathore, 1979); methyl ester of
p-coumaric acid (Bandara, 1988).Pharmacognosy: (Pratap Singh, 1980).
Antimicrobial: Antifungal (Bandara, 1988).
Cultivation:
Effect of gamma irradiation (Laxmi, 1980); yield potentials (Ajith Singh, 1980); poultry manure effects (Balyan, 1980); multiplication (Chathurvedi, 1980,1984; Sharma, 1980); NPK fertilier effects on yield (Sudhadevi, 1985); rhizome dormancy (Chandra, 1985); rhizome sprouting (Konar, 1985); growth regulator effects (Seth, 1979); cultivation methods (Pandey, 1980; Chakravarthy, 1978); pesticides (Takur, 1985); commercial viability (Singh, 1979).
REFERENCES
Ajith Singh, Choudhary SN, Balyan SS, Kapahi BK. Yield potential of 8 month old crop of C. speciosus under various NPK combinations. J. Sci. Res. Plant. Med. 1(2) : 15-17, 1980.
Akhila A, Guptha MM, Thakur RS. Sterol synthesis in C. speciosus. Tetrahedron Lett. 28(35) : 4085-4088, 1987.
Balyan SS, Ajith Singh, Chowdhary SN. Response of C. speciosus to levels of poultry manure and seed rats. Ind. drugs. 17(7) : 203-206, 1980.
Bandara BMR, Hewage CM. Antifungal principles of C. speciosus. Planta Medica. 54(5) : 477-478, 1988.
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