We should note that a) these quantities were only ‘recommended’ for collection and so the demand and supply are probably much higher; b) the quantities (in tonnes) relate to only one district, hence the country wide demand would be several times higher; c) the quantities indicated are sure to destroy very vast numbers of individuals of the concerned species, the degree of damage dependent upon the part needed; d) collection of roots or bark which is done on unscientific basis, or collection of whole plants causes far greater destruction than the collection of fruits and seeds; and e) that some arborescent species appear in different categories above (simultaneous demand) is no consolation as this results in the loss of whole individuals, as in the case of collection of whole plants of herbaceous species. Procurement on this scale can wipe out the species from the district initially and from other places later on. This is no sustainable utilisation. The commercial demand has certainly to be met but not at the expense of the survival of the species. Cultivation of the species of medicinal plants that are in great commercial demand is the most urgent measure needed. Procurement of material of such species from wild habitats should be prohibited.

       It is also advisable that large scale demands on wild plant material are verified with respect to their intended use as there is a possibility of this cheaper material being used to adulterate foods as was reported some years ago and again in August 1998, that the seeds of Argemone mexicana were used to adulterate mustard seed with very unfortunate effects on the consumers.

        Our most immediate task, before we can formulate any decisive and concerted action to conserve the diversity of medicinal plants, is to obtain the required information. In the meanwhile, we should advocate and insist upon all the concerned, including the Government of India and the States, to regulate the use of Indian medicinal plants and restrict trade in them both within and outside the country.

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